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Materia Medica · Plant · Apiaceae

Conium

Poison hemlock
56 sectionsBoericke · 19Clarke · 31Kent · 6

At a glance

Cardinal features · auto-extracted from Boericke · Clarke · Kent
  • ascending paralysis
  • Weakness of body and mind, trembling

Essence

Prologue
Boericke

Poison Hemlock (CONIUM)

An old remedy, rendered classical by Plato's graphic description of its employment in the death of Socrates. The ascending paralysis it produces, ending in death by failure of respiration, shows the ultimate tendency of many symptoms produced in the provings, for which Conium is an excellent remedy, such as difficult gait, trembling, sudden loss of strength while walking, painful stiffness of legs. etc. Such a condition is often found in old age, a time of weakness, languor, local congestions, and sluggishness. This is the special environment that Conium choose to manifest its action. It corresponds to the debility, hypochondriasis, urinary troubles, weakened memory, sexual debility found here. Trouble at the change of life, old and bachelors. Growth of tumors invite it also. General feeling as if bruised by blows. Great debility in the morning in bed. Weakness of body and mind, trembling, and palpitation. Cancerous diathesis. Arterio-sclerosis. Caries of sternum. Enlarged glands. Acts on the glandular system, engorging and indurating it, altering its structure like scrofulous and cancerous conditions. Tonic after grippe. Insomnia of multiple neuritis.

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Causation

Causation
Clarke
  • Contusions.
  • Blows.
  • Grief.
  • Sexual excess.
  • Sexual abstinence.
  • Excitement.
  • Over-

work. Snowy air. Spring.

Mentals

Mind
Boericke
  • Excitement causes mental depression.
  • Depressed, timid, averse to society, and afraid of being alone.
  • No inclination for business or study; takes no interest in anything.
  • Memory weak; unable to sustain 'any mental effort.
Symptoms — Mind
Clarke

Hysterical anguish, with sadness and great inclination to weep, from suppression of,

or from too free an indulgence in, the sexual instinct—Anthropophobia, and yet fear of

  • solitude.
  • —Timidity of character (fear of robbers).
  • —Superstitious ideas.
  • —Disposition to be

frightened.—IIl-humour and moroseness.—Hypochondriacal indifference—Want of mental

  • energy.
  • —Inaptitude for labour.
  • —Irritability, and disposition to be angry.
  • —Derangement of ideas
  • and mania.
  • —Confusion of ideas, as from drowsiness.
  • —Slowness of conception.
  • —Weakness of the

intellectual faculties, and of the memory.—Ready forgetfulness; excessive difficulty of

recollecting things.—Delirium.

Modalities

Modalities
Boericke
Worse
lying down, turning or rising in bed; celibacy; before and during menses, from taking cold, bodily or mental exertion
Better
while fasting, in the dark, from letting limbs hang down, motion and pressure

Head

Head
Boericke
  • Vertigo, when lying down, and when turning over in bed, when turning head sidewise, or turning eyes; worse, shaking head, slight noise or conversation of others, especially towards the left.
  • Headache, stupefying, with nausea and vomiting of mucus, with a feeling as of foreign body under the skull.
  • Scorched feeling on top.
  • Tightness as if both temples were compressed; worse after a meal.
  • (Gels. ; Atropine.
  • ) Bruised, semilateral pains.
  • Dull occipital pain on rising in morning.
Symptoms — Head
Clarke

Intoxication, after having taken the smallest quantity of spirituous liquid; even wine

and water in small quantities intoxicates him.—Vertigo when turning in bed; feels as if the bed

were floating —Whirling vertigo on rising, and sometimes so as to cause a fall, sideways, on

looking behind (on looking around); or when lying down in bed, esp. in the morning.—Attacks of

headache, with nausea, and vomiting of mucus.—Lancinating pain, esp. in the

vertex.—Stupefying pains in the head, esp. when walking in the open air, first in the fore-part of

the head, later in the back part, with coryza; relieved on stooping and moving the

head.—Excessive sensibility of the brain, even to talking, and to any other noise.—Quotidian

headache, on account of insufficient evacuations.—Semi-lateral pains in the head, as if it were

bruised.—Tearing in the temples and sides of the head, with the sensation as if the brain were

gone to sleep; worse from contact, motion, and after eating; better in a recumbent position, or

while stooping.—Headache as if the head were beaten to pieces, or would be pressed

asunder.—Downward pressure as from a stone on top of the frontal bone.—Sticking in head while

coughing.—Sensation as if there were a large foreign substance in the head.—Heaviness and

fulness in the head, esp. on waking in the morning.—Pulling in the head, with numbness of the

brain.—Hydrocephalus; the pains are < when awaking, after eating, in the open air; > on external

pressure, on lying down, and on closing the eyes.—Attack of tearing headache, which forces the

patient to lie down.—Obstinate shooting pains in the sinciput, which seem coming through the

forehead.—Hot flush in occiput; later in head.—Heaviness, and squeezing, as from a claw, in the

forehead, and as if proceeding from the stomach.—Apoplexy with paralysis (in old

people).—Falling off of the hair.

Eyes

Eyes
Boericke
  • Photophobia and excessive lachrymation.
  • Corneal pustules.
  • Dim-sighted; worse, artificial light.
  • On closing eyes, he sweats.
  • Paralysis of ocular muscles.
  • (Caust.
  • ) In superficial inflammations, as in phlyctenular conjunctivitis and keratitis.
  • The slightest ulceration or abrasion will cause the intensest photophobia.
Symptoms — Eyes
Clarke

Aching of the eyes when reading.—Itching below the eyes, with burning and smarting

pain when they are rubbed.—Itching, shootings, or smarting in the internal canthi.—Sensation of

cold, or burning, in the eyes, when walking in the open air.—Pain, as of burning in the eyes, with

aching in the orbits in the evening.—Inflammation and redness of the

  • sclerotica——Hordeolum.
  • —(Specks in the cornea.
  • ).
  • —Cataract from contusion.
  • —Short-
  • sightedness.
  • —Yellow colour of the sclerotica—Eyes dull.
  • —Eyes prominent.
  • —Tremulous

look.—Obscuration of the sight—Momentary blindness by day in the brightness of the

  • sun.
  • —Myopia.
  • —Presbyopia.
  • —Diplopia.
  • —The lines seem to move while reading.
  • —Black spots and

coloured bands before the sight, in a room.—Red appearance of objects.—Dazzling of the sight by

the daylight.—Aversion to light without inflammation of the eyes.—Photophobia, with pale red

colour of the ball of the eyes.

Ears

Ears
Boericke

Defective hearing; discharge from ear blood colored.

Symptoms — Ears
Clarke

Tearings and shooting in the ears, and round the ears, esp. when walking in the open

air.—Accumulation of cerumen, which resembles mouldy paper, and which is mixed with

  • purulent mucus.
  • —Blood-coloured cerumen.
  • —Roaring and humming in both ears.
  • —Buzzing,

tinkling, and rumbling in the ears —Painful sensibility of hearing.—Diminution of hearing,

ceasing when the cerumen is removed, and until it is renewed.—Swelling and induration of the

parotids.

Nose

Nose
Boericke

Bleeds easily-becomes sore. Polypus.

Symptoms — Nose
Clarke

Swelling of the nostrils.—For several days tip of nose thick red, hot, painful, < 1. side;

  • later a yellow blister full of pus appeared 1.
  • side of lip.
  • —Purulent discharge from the nose.
  • —Nasal

hemorrhage, frequent when sneezing.—Increased acuteness of smell—Too frequent

sneezing.—Troublesome sensation of dryness in the nose.—Obstinate stoppage of the

nostrils.—Stoppage of the nose in the morning.

Face

Symptoms — Face
Clarke

Heat in the face-—Complexion sickly, pale, and bluish, sometimes even with swelling

of the face.—Fissures in the skin of the face, with pain as from excoriation after washing and

wiping.—Nocturnal pains in the face, tearing and shooting.—Itching, eruptions, tetters and

gnawing ulcers on the face.—Moist and spreading herpes in the face —Eruptions of pimples on

the forehead.—Dryness and exfoliation of the lips.—Blisters and ulcers on the lips—Cancerous

ulcer on the lip (from the pressure of the pipe).—Spasmodic clenching of the jaws.—Grinding of

the teeth.

Mouth

Symptoms — Mouth
Clarke

Dryness of the mouth and of the throat; or salivation.—Embarrassed speech.—Tongue

stiff, painful, swollen, dry; covered with dirty mucus.—Horribly offensive tongue.—(Cancer of

tongue.)

Symptoms — Teeth
Clarke

Odontalgia, generally drawing, provoked by walking in the open air, or excited in

hollow teeth by cold food.—Shootings, jerks, gnawing, and piercing in the teeth —Gums swollen,

ecchymosed and bleeding.

Throat

Symptoms — Throat
Clarke

Sore throat, as from a ball (globus hystericus) mounting from the

  • epigastrium.
  • —Impeded deglutition.
  • —Involuntary deglutition, esp.
  • when walking in the

wind.—Constant want to swallow, when walking against the wind.—Cramps in the

gullet.—Scraping in the throat.—Spasmodic constriction of the throat.

Stomach

Stomach
Boericke
  • Soreness about the root of tongue.
  • Terrible nausea, acrid heartburn and acid eructations; worse on going to bed.
  • Painful spasms of the stomach.
  • Amelioration from eating and aggravation a few hours after meals; acidity and burning; painful spot the level of the sternum.
Symptoms — Appetite
Clarke

Bitterness in the mouth and in the throat.—Putrid or acid taste in the

mouth.—Total absence of appetite, and great weakness of digestion —Bread will not go down,

  • and does not please the taste.
  • —Bulimy.
  • —Desire for coffee or for acid or salt food.
  • —During a

meal, and esp. after taking milk food, a sensation of inflation in the stomach, and in the

abdomen, and speedy satiety.—After a meal, sourness, pyrosis, pressure and fulness in the

stomach, risings, colic, flatulency, nausea, deadness in the fingers, weakness, fatigue, and sweat.

Symptoms — Stomach
Clarke

Empty risings, frequent and noisy, sometimes during the entire day.—Abortive

risings, with sensation of fulness in the hollow of the throat.—Risings, with taste of

food.—Suppressed eructations, with subsequent pain in the stomach.—Pyrosis, ascending up into

the throat, sometimes after a meal.—Acid regurgitation, esp. after a meal——Nausea with

inclination to vomit, and complete loss of appetite, or else with eructations and

lassitude.—Nausea after every meal, or in the evening.—Nausea and vomiting during

  • pregnancy.
  • —Vomiting of mucus.
  • —Pressure on the stomach, even during a meal.
  • —Inflation of the

stomach.—Cramp-like, contractive pain, shootings, and pain as from excoriation, in the stomach

and in the epigastrtum.—Sensation of soreness and rawness of the stomach and of the abdomen

when walking on the stones.—Pain, with sensation of cold in the stomach.

Abdomen

Abdomen
Boericke
  • Severe aching in and around the liver.
  • Chronic jaundice, and pains in right hypochondrium.
  • Sensitive, bruised, swollen, knife-like pains.
  • Painful tightness.
Symptoms — Abdomen
Clarke

After taking milk sensation of inflation of the abdomen.—Tensive pain in the

hypochondria, as from a band tightly fastened.—Hardness of the abdomen from swelling of the

mesenteric glands.—Pressure, traction, tearings, and shootings in the hepatic region —Lancination

in the left hypochondrium, even in the morning in bed, with oppression.—Lancinations in the

abdomen, as if knives were plunged in; stitches in the spleen —Fulness of the abdomen, even in

the morning on waking.—Swelling of the mesenteric glands Contraction of the abdomen, with

oppression.—Spasmodic colic.—Incisive and tearing abdominal pains —Movement and digging in

the umbilical region.—Sensation as of excoriation in the abdomen, esp. when walking on the

pavement.—Noise and borborygmi in the abdomen.—Expulsion of cold wind, with

cuttings.—Incarceration of flatus.—Cuttings on expelling flatus.

Stool

Stool
Boericke
  • Frequent urging; hard, with tenesmus.
  • Tremulous weakness after every stool.
  • (Verat. ; Ars. ; Arg. n.
  • ) Heat and burning in rectum during stool.
Symptoms — Stool and Anus
Clarke

Constipation with tenesmus.—Constant urging without stool —Hard

evacuations, only every second day.—Hard stool, with tenesmus (headache; discharge of

prostatic fluid).—Loose, undigested evacuations, with cuttings, and frequent risings.—Debilitating

  • diarrhcea.
  • —(Stools undigested, with colic.
  • ).
  • —Lancinations in the anus.
  • —Heat and burning

sensation in the rectum, while evacuating, and at other times.—Emission of fetid or cold

flatulence; (stool feels cold).—Feeces, with streaks of blood.—After the evacuations, weakness,

palpitation of the heart, frequent expulsion of flatulence, and trembling.—Involuntary discharge

of feeces during sleep.

Urinary

Symptoms — Urinary Organs
Clarke

Pressure on the bladder, as if the urine were going to issue forth with

violence (with stitches); worse when walking, better when sitting —At night, emission of urine,

frequent, and sometimes involuntary.—Flow of urine, attended by violent pain —Urine thick,

white and turbid.—Urine red.—Retention of urine —Difficult emission of urine, which flows only

drop by drop.—Nocturnal urination —Wetting the bed. —Diabetes, accompanied by great

pain.—Frequent inclination to emit urine, which is clear and aqueous.—Viscid mucus, mixed with

the urine, which cannot be passed without great pain —Discharge of pus from the

urethra.—Emission of blood, sometimes with difficulty of respiration.—The urine stops suddenly,

and does not begin to flow again for some moments.—Incisive pains in the urethra during the

emission of urine —Burning sensation and shootings in the urethra, esp. after the emission of

urine.

Urine
Boericke
  • Much difficulty in voiding.
  • It flows and stops again.
  • (Ledum.
  • ) Interrupted discharge.
  • (Clematis.
  • ) Dribbling in old men.
  • (Copaiva.
  • )

Female

Female
Boericke
  • Dysmenorrhoea, with drawing-down thighs.
  • Mammae lax and shrunken, hard, painful to touch.
  • Stitches in nipples.
  • Wants to press breast hard with hand.
  • Menses delayed and scanty; parts sensitive.
  • Breasts enlarge and become painful before and during menses.
  • (Calc. c. ; Lac can.
  • ) Rash before menses.
  • Itching around pudenda.
  • Unready conception.
  • Induration of os and cervix.
  • Ovaritis; ovary enlarged, indurated; lancinating pain.
  • Ill effects of repressed sexual desire or suppressed menses, or from excessive indulgence.
  • Leucorrhoea after micturition.
Symptoms — Female Sexual Organs
Clarke

Cramps in the uterus, with pinchings or contracting, or with

digging above the vulva, accompanied by tension in the abdomen, and shootings extending into

the |. side of the chest.—Itching in the external and internal genital parts —Shootings in the

vagina, and sensation as of bearing down.—Shooting in the labia——Catamenia premature and too

weak.—Suppression of catamenia.—Before the catamenia, pains in the breasts; anxious dreams,

dry heat, pain as from fatigue in the limbs, lachrymose humour, inquietude, and hepatic

pains.—During the catamenia, sensation of bearing down and dragging in the thigh, or painful

cramps in the abdomen.—Suppressed menstruation (with barrenness).—Burning, acrid, corrosive,

and pungent leucorrhcea, accompanied or preceded by colic.—Breasts flabby.—Inflammation of

the mamme, with stitches; scirrhus of the mamme after contusion.—Scirrhous induration of the

mammary glands, with itching and shooting pains.

Male

Male
Boericke
  • Desire increased; power decreased.
  • Sexual nervousness, with feeble erection.
  • Effects of suppressed sexual appetite.
  • Testicles hard and enlarged.
Symptoms — Male Sexual Organs
Clarke

Swelling of the testes (after contusion).—Cutting pain through

scrotum to root of penis.—Lasciviousness.—Impotence, insufficient erections, and absence of

  • erections.
  • —Want of energy in coition.
  • —Erections imperfect, and of too short duration.
  • —Easy

emission of semen, even without firm erections —Dejection, after coition.—Immoderate

pollutions.—Flow of prostatic fluid during evacuation, and after any mental emotion.—With

weakness of sexual organs, much sexual erethism, amatory thoughts, even emissions provoked

by mere presence of women.

Respiratory

Respiratory
Boericke

Dry cough, almost continuous, hacking; worse, evening and at night; caused by dry spot in larynx with itching in chest and throat, when lying down, talking or laughing, and during pregnancy. Expectoration only after long coughing. Want of breath on taking the least exercise; oppressed breathing, constriction of chest; pains in chest.

Symptoms — Respiratory Organs
Clarke

Catarrh, with fever, sore throat, and want of

appetite —Hoarseness.—Dryness in one small circumscribed place in the larynx, and tickling

which excites coughing.—Cough provoked by tickling and scraping in the throat.—Dry cough,

provoked by a tickling, with oppression of the chest, and fever in the evening.—Suffocating

cough, with flushes of heat in the face—Dry, convulsive cough.—Cough, like whooping-cough,

with sanguineous expectoration, or in violent fits during the night, caused by itching in the chest

and throat, or from a small dry spot in the larynx, without expectoration at night, and difficult,

bloody, purulent, offensive expectoration during the day.—The cough manifests itself generally

at night or in the evening.—Shortness of breathing when walking; suffocative attacks; oppressed

breathing, in the morning, when waking.—Cough provoked by taking a deep breath, or by taking

acid or salt things.—Loose cough, but without expectoration; he must swallow what he coughs

up.—Yellow and purulent expectoration, of a putrid smell.—Cough increased by lying

down.—During the cough, pains in the head or in the abdomen, with shootings in the |. side

aggravated by movement.—Cough during pregnancy.

Chest

Symptoms — Chest
Clarke

Short respiration when walking, and on the least movement, often with convulsive

cough.—Cough relieves the tightness of the chest —Difficulty of respiration, even in the morning

  • on waking.
  • —Respiration difficult and slow, esp.
  • in the evening in bed.
  • —Difficulty of respiration,

with pains in the chest, in the evening in bed.—Fits of suffocation, as if there were an obstruction

in the throat.—Shooting in the sternum, or in the side of the chest—Beating stitch, with pain in

upper and |. part of chest towards the centre of the chest.—Pressure behind sternum and desire to

breath deeply.—Violent pains in the chest, with violent cough.—Pressure on the chest, in the

sternum, and in the region of the heart—Drawing pains in the chest.—Shocks in the

chest.—Caries of the sternum.

Symptoms — Heart
Clarke

Palpitation of the heart, esp. after drinking.—Frequent shocks in the region of the

heart.

Neck & Back

Back
Boericke
  • Dorsal pain between shoulders.
  • Ill effects of bruises and shocks to spine.
  • Coccyodynia.
  • Dull aching in lumbar and sacral region.
Symptoms — Neck and Back
Clarke

Tension in the nape of the neck.—Pain as from excoriation in the vertebree

  • of the neck.
  • —Enlargement of the neck.
  • —Pains in the loins on bending backwards.
  • —Aching and

compression above the hips.—Pressive, cramp-like, and tractive pain in the back.—Pain, as from a

sprain in the |. side of the back and neck.

Upper Limbs

Symptoms — Upper Limbs
Clarke

Shoulders painful, as if they had been bruised and excoriated.—Humid,

scabby, and burning tetters in the forearms.—Numbness of the hands, and esp. of the palms of the

hands.—Cracking in the wrist-joint—Sweat in the palms of the hands —Torpor of the

fingers.—Itching in the back of the fingers.—Yellow spots on the fingers and yellowish

nails.—Panaris.

Lower Limbs

Symptoms — Lower Limbs
Clarke

Drawing pains in the hips.—Arthritic pains in the knee, tearing, and tensive,

aggravated on beginning to walk after sitting down, with a sensation as if the tendons were too

short (during the suppression of catamenia).—Restlessness and heaviness in the legs.—Lassitude

in the knees.—Cracking of the knee-joint.—Painful swelling of the legs and of the feet—Red

spots on the calves of the legs, sometimes painful, becoming subsequently green or yellow, as

after a blow or bruise, and impeding the movement of the foot, which is drawn back, as if the

tendons were contracted.—Cramps in the calves of the legs.—Coldness, and strong disposition to

take cold in the feet (even from a slight exposure of the feet)—Torpor and insensibility of the

feet.—Pustules in the feet.

24. Generalities—Cramps and cramp-like pains in different parts.—Pain, as from fatigue in the

limbs and joints, while at rest—Nocturnal pains and sufferings, which disturb sleep.—The

symptoms appear during repose, and are aggravated on beginning to walk, or by any

movement.—Tendency to strain the lower part of the back.—Attacks of hysteria and

hypochondriasis.—Shocks in the tendons, trembling and convulsive shakings in the

  • limbs.
  • —Ebullition of blood.
  • —Dropsical swellings.
  • —Swelling and induration of the glands, with

tingling and shooting pains.—Fainting fits Great general dejection, with involuntary

  • laughter.
  • —Sensation of fatigue esp.
  • early in the morning in bed.
  • —Restlessness in the body, esp.
  • in

the legs.—Want of energy, and nervous debility —Consumption.—Sudden sinking, while

walking.—Great liability to take cold —Great fatigue and other sufferings, from walking in the

open air.—Continued deprivation of natural vital heat.

Extremities

Extremities
Boericke

Heavy, weary, paralyzed; trembling; bands unsteady; fingers and toes numb. Muscular weakness, especially of lower extremities. Perspiration of hands. Putting feet on chair relieves pain.

Skin

Skin
Boericke
  • Axillary glands pain, with numb feeling down arm.
  • Induration after contusions.
  • Yellow skin, with papular eruption; yellow finger-nails.
  • Glands enlarged and indurated, also mesenteric.
  • Flying stitches through the glands.
  • Tumors, piercing pains; worse, at night.
  • Chronic ulcers with fetid discharge.
  • Sweat as soon as one sleeps, or even when closing eyes.
  • Night and morning sweat, with offensive odor, and smarting in skin.
Symptoms — Skin
Clarke

Shootings, and pricking itching in the skin —Swelling of the glands, with tingling and

stitches after contusions and bruises.—Bluish colour of the skin over the whole body.—Painful

inflammation of the skin.—Nettle-rash in consequence of violent bodily exercise. —Pimples, like

those in scabies, which become scurfy.—Brownish, or red and itching spots, over the whole

body, which disappear and return.—Humid, or scabby and burning tetters.—Blackish ulcers, with

sanious, sanguineous, and fetid discharge, and tingling tension—Gangrenous ulcers.—Ulceration

  • of the bones.
  • —Panaris.
  • —Petechize.
  • —Reddish and greenish spots, as from ecchymosis.

Sleep

Symptoms — Sleep
Clarke

Drowsiness during the day, even very early in the

morning.—Somnolence.—Inclination to sleep in the evening, with falling down of the

eyelids —Tardy sleep.—Disturbed and unrefreshing sleep, with lachrymation, and frequent,

anxious, and frightful dreams.—Dreams of disease, mutilation, death, danger, and quarrels.—At

night, headache, nausea, gastralgia, bleeding of the nose, pains in the limbs, &c.—Half-waking

after midnight, with great anguish.—Nightmare.—Starting of the limbs during sleep.

Fever

Symptoms — Fever
Clarke

Shivering, frequent coldness and shuddering.—Coldness and chilliness in the

  • morning and forenoon.
  • —Chilliness, with desire for heat, esp.
  • in the sunshine.
  • —Heat internally

and externally, with great nervousness.—Dry, internal heat.—Slow fever, with total want of

appetite —Inflammatory fever with great heat, abundant sweat, anorexia, diarrhoea, and

vomiting.—Fever with inflammation of the throat, and cough.—Pulse irregular; generally slow

and full, alternating with small and frequent beats—Nocturnal sweat, even at the commencement

of sleep.—Heat with profuse perspiration.—Perspiration day and night, as soon as one closes the

eyes and goes to sleep.—Local, fetid, and acrid sweats.

Clinical

Clinical (part 1)
Clarke
  • Asthma.
  • Bladder, inflammation of.
  • Breast, affections of; painful.
  • Bronchitis.
  • Bruises.
  • Cancer.
  • Cataract.
  • Chorea.
  • Cough.
  • Depression of spirits.
  • Diphtheritic paralysis.
  • Dysmenia
  • (membranous).
  • Erysipelas.
  • Eyes, affections of.
  • Galactorrhoea.
  • Herpes.
  • Hypochondriasis.
  • Jaundice.
  • Liver, enlarged.
  • Melancholia.
  • Menstruation, disordered.
  • Numbness.
  • Ovaries, affections
  • of.
  • Paralysis; Landry's.
  • Peritonitis.
  • Phthisis.
  • Pregnancy, painful breasts during.
  • Prostatitis.
  • Ptoses.
  • Scrofula.
  • Spermatorrheea.
  • Sterility.
  • Stomach, affections of.
  • Testicles, affections of.
  • Tetters.
  • Trismus.
  • Tumours.
  • Ulcers.
  • Vertigo.
  • Vision, disordered.
  • Wens.
Clinical (part 2)
Clarke

Characteristics—According to Hahnemann Con. is one of those drugs of which it is

exceedingly difficult to distinguish the primary and secondary effects. He thinks, nevertheless,

that the primary action is one of "rigidity, condensation, and constriction of the fibres, with

swelling of the glands and diminution of the senses." In this Teste concurs, adding that the action

is primarily inflammatory, and that this accounts for its suitability for "persons of a lively, quick,

sanguine disposition, with a marked development of the glandular system;" and explains why it

is characteristically adapted to painful glandular affections, "principally such as result from a

strain or blow, but the precise cause of which may have escaped our recollection." Teste places

  • Con.
  • at the head of the analogues of Acon.
  • It is to the glands and capillary system what Acon.
  • is

to the heart and arterial system. In many cases Con. may be regarded as the "Aconite of chronic

  • diseases.
  • " The other Aconite analogues, according to this author, are Cham.
  • , Seneg.
  • , Canth.
  • , and
  • Phos.
  • ac.
  • Con.
  • corresponds to chronic or subacute inflammation with sanguineous engorgement

of the parenchyma, induration, and even subsequent ulceration of the tissues. Thuja represents

the slow and progressive hypertrophy of certain tissues, certain constituents of our organs.

Stoerck used Conium in his heroic fashion and made with it some notable cures of scirrhous

tumours, ulcerating and otherwise; but it was Hahnemann who first showed how the remedy

could be used safely as well as effectively. Guernsey writes: "This remedy is characterised by a

great dizziness, brought on when lying down, and moving the head ever so slightly, or even the

eyes—all the contents of the room appear to whirl around; patient wishes to keep the head

perfectly still. In urinating the water flows at first in a full stream, then stops, flows again, again

stops," &c. Nash illustrates the modality: < by moving the head. He thinks "turning the head

sideways" is the most characteristic form of it. Some give it as "Lying down in bed and turning

over," but he regards the "lying down" as the least important part. He cured a patient who had all

the symptoms of locomotor ataxy, and who could not, when walking, turn the head the least bit

sideways without staggering or falling. A case of lumbago was cured with Con. in six days, after

seven months' suffering, this symptom being present: Cannot turn over in bed without being

dizzy. < Ascending; by exercise.—Feeling of ball pressing into back over left hip, pain shooting

clown left leg, ending in a spot that felt as though pricked by a bunch of hot needles. Under

"Sensations" Guernsey gives these: "Heartburn; e.g., in pregnant women where an excessive

heartburn comes on, when going to bed at night. Attacks of sick feeling. Sensation as if a hoop,

band, or something tight was around the parts. Deficiency of irritability of the body; the body has

very little sensation. Darting from within outwards, in the bones; tension in inner parts, also in

  • outer parts; pricking in the bones.
  • " Another symptom is "yellow nails.
  • " Proell (H.
  • R.
  • , xxx.
  • 541)

mentions a use of Con. which illustrates the symptom: "Interrupted flow." He has had excellent

Clinical (part 3)
Clarke

results with Con. 10 in strangury and ischuria, when the urine cannot be discharged, from

  • nervousness, or swelling of the prostate.
  • (Nat.
  • su/.
  • 5 trit.
  • was effective where the bladder could
  • not be entirely emptied.
  • ) Con.
  • has a very marked action on the pelvic organs.
  • Constipation is

very pronounced; or there may be diarrhoea. Faintness after stool. Burning, or coldness, in the

  • rectum.
  • Sircar has recorded (Calcutta J.
  • of Med.
  • , May, 1896) a striking case illustrating the

latter. A patient had severe diarrhoea, for which the doctor was about to give Sulph., when he

asked if the stools were hot. "On the contrary, they are co/d," replied the patient. Sircar found

"cold flatulence" under Con., and gave it on analogy with brilliant effect. On the sexual sphere

Con. has profound action, often meeting quite contradictory conditions—hypertrophy or atrophy

of glands; excess of function or abrogation. "Unsatisfied sexual desire" is a very leading

indication; and sufferings therefrom in either sex are effectually allayed by Con. I have used the

remedy with very great good in numberless cases of weakness from masturbation in men and

youths. "Emission on the slightest stimulus, such as merely being in the society of a woman," is

very typical. Many "engaged" young men have been helped by the remedy. It corresponds more

  • to scanty menses than the opposite.
  • Goodno (Hoyne's Theurapeutics—Amer.
  • Hom.
  • , xxi.
  • 386)

cured a girl of 25 of severe dysmenia (which had existed since the periods commenced) with

scanty, almost arrested flow. She had also epistaxis, cough, and stitches through left lung at

times. Two years previously, after unusual excitement, she had bearing-down pains, prolapse,

and anteversion. The dysmenia pains were relieved by Sepia and other remedies, but prolapse

increased, with bearing-down as though the womb would be forced from vulva, < standing and

walking before and during menses; intermittent flow of urine, with cutting after micturition

obstinate constipation of long standing; stool (once in seven days) large, hard, followed by

tremulous weakness; she must lie down; dull pain below left mamma. Prompt relief and speedy

cure were effected by Con. 1m. Scanty menses (especially in old maids) is an indication.

Checked lochia. Pains in breast before menses, < by every step, is a strong indication for Con.

Also all effects of hurts to the breast by falls or blows. After a blow on the breast a course of

  • Con.
  • should always be given.
  • Nash mentions another characteristic of Con.
  • : "Sweats day or

night; as soon as one sleeps, or even on closing the eyes." This enabled Lippe to cure a man of

  • 80 of hemiplegia.
  • R.
  • C.
  • Markham cured with Con.
  • 1m.
  • an obstinate cough, dry, hard, frequent,

with asthmatic wheezing or fine rattling in chest on deep breathing, < slightest exposure to cold

air; getting into cold bed, or out of a warm one, or even putting arms out was sufficient to bring

on severe coughing. The guiding symptom which appeared last and led to the remedy was this:

"Pain in the apex of left lung, with soreness in a small spot, midway between neck and shoulder

just back of clavicle. The pain, cutting and stitchlike, ran downward and inward toward the

  • sternum.
  • A.
  • H.
  • Birdsall reports a case of contusion of testicle.
  • He found the patient writhing in

agony, the pain complained of being "sharp, cutting, running up spermatic cord to lower part of

back, and also through scrotum to root of penis". Con. 200 relieved in five minutes, and at the

  • end of twenty minutes the pain was gone (H.
  • P.
  • , ix.
  • 190.
  • ) Conium corresponds to: light-haired

persons; old persons; old, feeble men; old maids and bachelors; women of rigid fibre and easily

excited, and also to those of the opposite temperament; persons of strong, sedentary habit more

than to lively, slender persons and children; persons who are easily intoxicated with stimulants;

women who have scanty menses; scrofulous constitutions; cancers and glandular enlargements.

The effects of blows or falls; effects of grief; of over study. Patients who are < when idle.

Conium is said to have been, and almost certainly was, the poison with which Socrates was

executed; and whether or not this was the case ascending paralysis, which occurred in his

poisoning, is an indication for Conium. Benumbed sensation; inability to sustain mental effort;

Clinical (part 4)
Clarke

weak memory; tired sensation in brain; imbecility. Hot spots on head. Erysipelas, pain piercing

  • to brain.
  • Red vision.
  • Weakness; tremulousness and palpitation after every evacuation.
  • Sensation

of unreality, as if in a dream. Insanity, periodical or alternating. Vertigo < on turning in bed.

Accumulation of earwax. Craving for salt, coffee, and sour things. There is the same flatulent

tendency as with Ammoniac and Asafcetida, its relatives. Numbness and deadness of limbs.

Stabbing pains are a great indication for Conium. Weak-spells; faintness; sudden loss of strength

while walking. Paroxysms of hysteria and hypochondriasis from abstinence from sexual

intercourse. In phthisis patients cannot expectorate, must swallow sputa. The eye symptoms are

very pronounced: photophobia; ptosis, &c. These symptoms are < night and early morning. Most

symptoms appear when at rest, especially in the night and in periodical attacks; some when

walking in the open air. < During eating; while standing; while lying down (cough); when at rest,

when lifting the affected part; when turning in bed (vertigo) moving the head ever so little;

turning head sideways. > In the dark; from letting the affected limb hang down; from moving;

when walking; by stooping. Aversion to open air. Desire for warmth, especially that of sun.

Liability to take cold from least exposure of feet. Great liability to take cold. Night and morning

sweat, with offensive odour and smarting in skin; or offensive odour without sweat. Touch <,

cannot bear the pressure of tight clothing. Jar, shock, or fall <.

Relations

Relations
Clarke
  • Conium should be compared with AAthusa, CEnan.
  • , Phell.
  • , Petrosel.
  • , Ammoniac.
  • ,
  • Asafcet.
  • , and other Umbelliferze.
  • /t is antidoted by: Coff.
  • , Dulc.
  • , Nit.
  • ac.
  • , and Nit.
  • Sp.
  • dulc.
  • Jt
  • antidotes: Merc.
  • , Nit.
  • ac.
  • , Sul.
  • Compatible: Arn.
  • , Ars.
  • , Bell.
  • , Calc.
  • , Lyc.
  • , Nux, Phos.
  • , Puls.
  • ,

Rhus, Stram. Jncompatible: | have sometimes found Con. disagree with patients who had been

taking Psorin. Compare: in swelling and painfulness of breasts before and during menses, Calc.

  • (Con.
  • precedes and follows Calc.
  • well in Calc.
  • subjects who have scanty menses; Bell.

corresponds to Calc. in other respects); in scanty menses, Graph.; in suppressed lochia, Nux,

  • Hyo.
  • , Pul.
  • , Secal.
  • ; as if in a dream, Ambra, Anac.
  • , Calc.
  • , Can.
  • ind.
  • , Stram.
  • ; ascending paralysis,
  • Hydrocy.
  • ac.
  • , Mang.
  • (descending, Merc.
  • ); paralysis, post-diphtheritic, Gels.
  • ; sexual melancholia,
  • Zn.
  • Ox.
  • ; vertigo when turning in bed, Sil.
  • (Sil.
  • has vertigo when turning to left, whilst lying

down); < beginning to move, > by continued motion, Rhus; bruised glands, Sul. ac. Impotence,

Phos.; weakness after stool, Phos. (most marked), Nux.

Relationship
Boericke

Compare: Scirrhinum-Cancer nosode- (cancerous diathesis; enlarged glands; cancer of breast; worms); Baryt.; Hydrast.; Iod.; Kali phos.; Hyos.; Curare.

Posology

Dose
Boericke

Best in higher potencies given infrequently, especially for growths, paretic states, etc. Otherwise sixth to thirtieth.

Kent's Lecture

Lecture (part 1)
Kent

This medicine is a deep, long acting antipsoric, establishing a state

of dirorder in the economy that is so far reaching and so long lasting

that it disturbs almost all the tissues of the body. The complaints

are brought on from taking cold, and the glands become affected all

over the body. From every little cold the glands become hard and

sore. Infiltration in deep-seated diseases in the region of ulcers and

in the region of inflamed parts ; in the glands along the course of the

lymphatics, so we get a chain like knots. The glands under the arm

  • inflame and ulcerate.
  • The glands in the neck, in the groin and abdomen become enlarged.
  • Ulcerated parts indurate.
  • An abscess of the

breast becomes surrounded by lumps and nodules. Nodules in the

breast even where milk has not yet formed ; lumps and nodules, indurations and enlarged glands form under the skin all over the body.

Conium has been used extensively for malignant affections of glands,

because it takes hold of glands from the beginning and infiltrates, and

they g radually grow to a stoOT^-hardness. like scirrhus. Now, another

grand feature runningthrough this rcmedyn[r“ the action upon the

nerves. The nerves are in a state of great debility. Trembling, jerking of the muscles and twitching from the weakness of the nerves.

Inability to stand any physical effort without great exhaustion.

5 ^

Gradually growing paralytic weakness, somewhat as was described in

Cocculus. Exhaustion of body and mind, that is, a general slowing

down of all the activities of the body. The liver becomes indurated,

sluggish, enlarged. The bladder is weak, can expel only a part of the

urine. Or sometimes there is a paralytic condition and no expulsive

power. This shows that the remedy increases toward a paralytic

weakness.

Hysteria. Hypochondriacal state of mind, with the nervousness,

trembling and weakness of the muscles. He gets tired in the earlier

stages, but finally this goes on until the limbs are paralytic,

A great many of the complaints are painless. The ulcers and the

paralytic conditions are painless. Great physical and mental debility ;

great prostration of the muscular system ; exhaustion, tremulous weakness. Paralysis of the legs and hip. Mental symptoms, nervous

symptoms, trembling, in widows and widowers who have suddenly

been deprived of their sexual relations. When in a state of considerable vigor, if suddenly deprived, the woman or the man takes on a

state of trembling weakness, inability to stand any mental effort, and

inability to put the attention upon things said by others. Not so

marked or not so common in the woman as in the man. When this

state comes on in a woman who is of unusual sexual vigor there may

be severe congestion of the uterus and ovaries, Apis is more likely to

fit her symptoms than Conium. But with hysteria and excitability

Conium is often the remedy. Many of its symptoms come about from

such a cause.

Lecture (part 2)
Kent

Conium has such a deep action that it gradually brings about a state

of imbecility. The mind gives out. The mind at first becomes tired

like the muscles of the body. Unable to sustain any mental effort.

The memory is weak. The mind will not concentrate, it will not force

itself to attention ; it cannot meditate, and then comes imbecility.

Inability to stand any mental effort or to rivet the attention upon anything are some of the most important symptoms in this medicine.

Insanity of a periodical type. Imbecility, though, is fair more frequent than insanity. When you come to examine the mental states

you will see symptoms that will make you think the patient is delirious, but that is not quite it. It is a slow-forming weakness of mind ;

not that rapid, active state, such as accompanies a fever ; it is a delirium without a fever, so to speak, which is not constant. Forms of

insanity that are passive. He thinks slowly, and he continues in this

stage for wcaks and months, if he recovers at all. Those excitable

cases that have more or less violence and activity in mental states arc

  • such as will correspond to Bell.
  • , Hyos , Stram.
  • and Ars.
  • You see

nothing of that in this medicine. This state of the mind has come

on BO gradually that the family has not observed it The mind is fuU

Lecture (part 3)
Kent

of strange things that have come little by little, and when the family

look over the many things that he has done and said they begin to

wonder if he is not becoming insane, but he is traveling toward a state

of imbecility. Conium is ot a slow, passive character. Complete indifference ; takes no interest in anything, particularly when walking

in the open air. “He is averse to being near people and to talking of

those passing him ; is inclined to seize hold of and abuse them.” lhat,

of course, is an insane act, “Sad and gloomy. Great unhappiness of

mind, recurring every fourteen days,’’ showing a two weeKS periodicity. The Conium patient will sit and mope in the corner in a state

of sadness and depression, giving no reason only that he is so sad.

A hypochondriacal subject going around with whims and notions lhat

people attempt to reason him out of, and the more they attempt to

  • reason with him the more sad he is.
  • Morose, peevish, vexed.
  • Lverything vexes and disturbs him.
  • Cannot endure any kind of excitement,

it brings on physical and mental distress, biings on weakness and sadness. Sometimes Conium symptoms will be found in persons who

have suffered from grief ; they become broken in memory. This is

likely to come first. They forget, never can recall things just as they

want them. And so they grow weaker and weaker until they become

imbeciles. If it is decidedly mental, imbecility results ; if it is taking

a physical course the ending is paralysis, and it is not uncommon for

a general paralytic weakness to co|ne on, so that body and mind

progress toward weakness together tmtil some decided manifestation

is made, and then it will be seen to $e going toward paralysis, or some

decided manifestation is made which will send it toward imbecility,

and then the body will seem to remain stationary. There comes a

time in these cases where there is a sort of division between the body

and the mind. Whenever under homceopathic treatment the physical

improves and the mental grows worse, that patient will never be cured.

There are such cases. I never like to see the physical grow better and

the mental grow worse in any degree. That does not mean the aggravation caused by the remedy. If the mental does not improve it

means that the patient is growing worse. There is no better evidence

of the good action of a remedy than mental improvement.

Conium patients cannot endure even the slightest alcoholic drink.

Any wine or stimulating beverage will bring on trembling, excitement,

weakness of mind and prostration. There are many headaches in

these patients. Patients going into decline will manifest headaches.

Stitching, tearing pains in the bead ; throbbing in the head. Signs

precursory to a giving out of the brain. Neuralgia.

Weakness of muscles. Weakness of muscles on one side of the

  • face.
  • Paralysis of the upper lids.
  • Tingling pa'ns.
  • These are only

in keeping with the signs of a general breakdown. We would not

CONIUM MACULA'nJM

Lecture (part 4)
Kent

think of giving Conium for those sudden, violent congestions of the

brain, or sudden, violent attacks of pain in the head, face or eyes,

but those that accompany a general progressive disease. There are

stitching, lancinating, knife-like pains along the course of nerves about

face and eyes and head. Stitching in the top of the head. Burning

on top of the head. Often the symptoms will lead the homoeopathic

physician to make a physical examination. A great deal more important than the physical examination arc the symptoms that point

out a remedy.

Excitement will bring on headaches. Numbness of the scalp is one

of the common symptoms of Conium. It is a general ; wherever there

is trouble there will be numbness, numbness with pains, very often

numbness with the weakness. Paralytic conditions arc attended with

numbness. Sick headache with inability to urinate. Great giddiness.

Everything in the room seems to go around. Confused feeling in the

head. Often sits lost in thought. Vertigo and pressure in the head

with unaltered pulse. Vertigo worse from stooping. The slightest

spiritous drink intoxicates him. Vertigo when turning the head, like

turning in a circle, when rising from a seat ; worse when lying down,

as though the bed were turning in a circle; when turning in bed or

when looking around. The vertigo most common in Conium is that

which comes on while lying in bed rolling the eyes or turning the eyes.

This is somewhat as it is in Cocculus, not as to vertigo alone, but the

general slowed down condition of the muscles. The paresis, or weakr

ness of the muscles all over the body is also present in the eyes. There

is a muscular weakness of all the muscles of the eye, so that the

Conium patient is unable to watch moving objects without getting

sick headaches, visual and mental disturbances. Riding on the cars,

watching things in rapid motion, and inability to focus rapidly — slowness of the accommodation is what we must call it — is the cause for

many sicknesses. Inability to follow moving objects with sufficient

  • rapidity and a headache comes on.
  • “Objects look red, rainbow-colored, striped ; confused spots ; double vision ; weakness of sight.
  • Shortsighted ; cannot read long without letters running together.
  • "' All this

is due to defective accommodation. “Sluggish adaptation of the eye

to varied range of vision. Vision becomes blurred when he is irritable.

Weakness and dazzling of the eyes, together with dizziness. Aversion

to light without inflammation of the eyes,** The pupil will not accommodate itself to the changes between strong light and dim light, and

he suffers from it. Severe photophobia and lachrymation. Photophobia without congestion of any tissue without or within the globe of

the eye. Sometimes the pupils are contracted and sometimes dilated.

Conium has cured ulcer of the cornea. “Burning in the eyes when

reading.^' Shooting, smarting, cutting, burning pain in the eyes. The

CONItfM MACULATUM

4^3

Lecture (part 5)
Kent

lidwS indurate, thicken and are heavy and fall. It is with difficulty that

he can lift them up. So this paralysis extends all through the muscles

of the body and affects the mind similarly. “Could scarcely raise the

eyelids, they seemed pressed down by a heavy weight. Burning on

entire surface of lids ; hordeola ; paralysis of muscles of the eyes,"

A marked condition is that of swelling of the glands about the lace,

car and under the jaws. The parotids are swollen and hard. The

same gradually increasing hardness in the sub-maxillary and sublingual glands. Enlai'gement of the glands of the side of the neck in

cancerous affections. It has cured epithelioma of the lid, and of the

nose and of the cheek. Ulcers about the lip with induration. Deep

under the ulcer there will be hardness, and along all the vessels that

send lymph towards that ulcer there will be a chain of knots.

Paresis extending to paralysis of the oesophagus ; difficulty in swallowing ; food goes down part way and stops. As food is about to

pass the cardiac orifice it stops and enters with a great effort. '‘Strange

rising in the throat, with sense of stuffiing, as if something were lodged

there. Sense of fullness in the throat as of a lump, with involuntary

attempts at swallowing. Fullness in throat with suppressed eructations. Pressure in oesophagus as if a round body were ascending from

stomach." That is a nervous affection found in nervous women and

has been called globus hystericus. When a woman feels as if she

wanted to cry, and she swallows and, chokes, she will have a similar

lump in the throat. Nervous, broken-down constitutions ; tired of life ;

sees nothing in the future but sickntes and sorrow and paralysis or

imbecility. When they have their lucid moments they weep, become

sad over their enlarged glands and weakness, and have a lump in the

throat.

There are many stomach troubles ; ulceration of the stomach ; cancer

of the stomach. Conium is one of the greatest palliatives in symptoms

of the stomach when all the symptoms agree. It will palliate cancerous conditions for a while, then on comes the difficulty again, because

when the symptoms Rave advanced sufficiently to indicate Conium

many times there is no hope of cure.

Hardness of the abdomen, great sensitiveness of the abdomen.

Pinching pains, stitching pains, colicky, cutting pains, cramping pains.

Bearing down in the abdomen — ^in the woman — as if the uterus would

escape. Often more common than diarrhoea is constipation with ineffectual urging, hard stool, paralysis of the rectum. Inability to

strain at stool, inability to expel contents because of the paralytic

weakness of all the muscles that take part in expulsion. Pulsation

and emptiness in the abdomen after a normal stool. The woman

strains so much at stool that the uterus protrudes from the vagina.

After every stool tremulous weakness and palpitation. The urine

Lecture (part 6)
Kent

wiU Stop and start. ,He str ains to expel the urine and gets tired and

sj:reani of urine stops and without any pressure whatever

it starts again, and it does that two or three times during urination.

I rreguTaf muscular actions while passing urine. ''Intermittent

ot urine, with cutting after micturition. Urine turbid after standing*”

Weakness of the sexual powers of the male ; impotency. He may

have most violent sexual desire yet he is impotent, ‘‘Great sexual

desire with partial or complete incapacity. Emissions without dreams.

Painful emissions and painful ejaculations,'* Ihere is a catarrhal

state of the seminal vesicles attended with much soreness, so that when

ejaculation takes place there is cutting like a knife, as if the semen

were acrid. Bad effects from suppressed sexual desire in widowers

and those who have been accustomed to coition. "Sexual weakness.

Insufficient erection, lasting only a short time ; weakness after embrace.

Swelling and induration of testicles.” Hardness and swelling of the

testicles gradually comes on. "Discharge of prostatic fluid on every

change of emotion, without voluptuous thoughts, or while expelling

faeces ; with itching of the prepuce.” Hence we have a strange intermingling of increased irritability of the parts, the neck of the bladder,

sexual organs, prostrate gland, with weakness, with impotency. In

the male, remember, there is induration and enlargement of the testicles ; in the woman induration and enlargement of the ovaries and

uterus. ‘'Uterine spasms during too early and scanty menses.” Soreness in the abdomen in the early stages of gestation, motions of the

child are painful. Burning, stinging, tearing pains in the neck of the

uterus. Great soreness of the breasts. This medicine has dwindling

of the mammary glands as well as enlargement and induration. Sup^

pressed menstruation, painful menstruation, throl)bmg, tearing, burnin the uterus arid "ml Ec " ovanes, in the p^is. It ha^jeur^

fibroid_.tum of the uterus. It has rStrainedT cancerous growth of

the cervix. C5ne of the most distressing growths known to women

is a cancerous growth of the cervix. It is the most difficult to checkof all the cancerous affections known. It will progress most rapidly,

but Conium is one of those remedies that will slow down that inflammation ^nd restrain somewhat the haemorrhages. Conium has produced induration and infiltration of the cervix.

Difficult breathing. Dry cough almost constantly, worse lying in

bed. Cough when first lying down. Is obliged to sit up and cough

is out. Taking a deep breath causes cough. Such are the striking

features of a Conium cough. In the chest, violent stitches. Painful

swelling of the breasts. Rending, tearing pains in the chest.

In the back,_weakness is a most striking thing, with some dorsal

gailMU Lancinating^pairis' are spoken of. ^ "ill effects of bruSer and

shocks to the spine.” After injuries, especially in the lumbar region,

Classical Posology

Acute
  • 30C or 200C · repeat every 1–4 h depending on intensity
  • Stop on improvement · reassess in 24–48 h
  • For sensitive / elderly / paediatric: prefer LM1 or 30C
Constitutional
  • 200C or 1M single dose · wait 4 weeks
  • Alternative: LM1 daily × 10 days · ascend on retest
  • Hering's-Law follow-up adapts the next script
Citations: Organon §246 (interval / repetition) · §161 (plussed water) · §282 (LM ascension) · Kent on selection · Vithoulkas on second prescription. Open Repertify for the case-specific dose with the rule cited inline.
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